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SCI论文目录 |
江河源区主要自然生物资源概述 |
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出 版 社:长江流域资源与环境 第13卷第5期 |
发表时间:2004年9月 |
台 站:
海北高寒草甸生态系统定位研究站
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作 者:4. 徐世晓,赵新全,孙平,赵同标 |
点 击 率:7484 |
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关 键 字:关键词:江河源区;草地;湿地;生物多样性 |
摘 要:摘 要:广袤的草地、特有的高寒湿地以及丰富而有又独特的生物多样性是江河源区重要的自然生物资源。草地占江河源区总土地面积的84.53%,是源区畜牧业经济发展的基础,同时也是长江、黄河和澜沧江三大江河的源头区域,为江河中、下游地区生态环境稳定和经济持续发展提供无可替代的服务。江河源区是世界上海拔最高的高寒湿地主要分布区,湿地总面积达8000km2。江河源区独特的生态环境孕育了种类繁多的特有动、植物种类,源区约有哺乳动物、鸟类和鱼类133、249和219种,牧草植物、药用植物、食用植物和观赏植物约800、808、80和400种,是世界海拔最高的生物多样性集中分布区。然而,由于超载放牧、盲目采挖、盗猎等不合理的开发和利用以及气候变化等诸多因素的综合影响,江河源区草地生态系统退化、高寒湿地萎缩、生物多样性锐减等生态环境危机不断加剧。正确权衡江河源区自然生物资源的短期经济价值及其所拥有的巨大生态公益和潜在开发价值,科学决策,保护江河源区自然生物资源迫在眉睫。 |
关 键 字(英文):Keywords:sourceregionofChangjiang YellowRivers;grassland;wetland;biodiversity |
摘 要(英文):Abstract:Widelyspreadgrassland,specificalpinewetlandandendemicbiodiversityaremainnaturalbiologicalresourcesinthesourceregionofChangjiang YellowRivers.Thegrasslandisthemostimportantvegetationtypeintheregion,covering84.53%ofthelandsurfaceintheregionandprovidinglivelihoodsfornomadicpastoral ismthereaswellasforageforlivestock,foods,herbalmedicineandfuels.Itisthesubstantialresourceforpas toraldevelopment,andalsohometothesourcesofYangtze,YellowandLancangRivers,namedasChineseWa terTower.Riversoriginatedfromtheregionprovidethemuchneededirrigationwaterthatfeedtheagriculturalfieldsofhundredsofmillionsoffarmersinthedownstreamregions.Theseriversandtheirtributariesarethelife bloodofmillionsofpeopleintheirdrainageareas,andsupplyimmenseservicessuchaswatersupply,climateregulation,erosioncontrol,etc,fortheeco environmentsoundnessandeconomicdevelopmentinmiddleandlowerreachesofrivers.Thereare8000km2alpinewetlandinsourceregions,whichisthehighestareaofalpinewetlandintheworld.Thevastlandsurfaceoftheregionhaswideclimaticvariationscausedbytheuniqueplateauatmosphericcirculationsystem,suchunusualnaturalconditionsgiverisetoadiversenaturalhabitatsforcomplexspeciesoffloraandfauna.Approximately133,249,and219speciesofmammals,avians,andfish,and800,808,80and400speciesofgrazingplants,herbalmedicines,edibleplantsandornamentalsareendem ictotheregions.TheChangjiang YellowRiversourceregionisthetypicalhighestbio diverseregionintheworld.However,thegrasslanddegeneration,alpinewetlandreduction,biodiversitylossincreaseoverallthesourceregionduetotheoverexploitationandutilization.Nowwehavetomakecorrecttradeoffbetweenshort termeconomicvalueandimmenseecologicalservicesandpotentialvalueofnaturalbiologicalresourcesinthere gion,andthereisacriticalneedfornaturalbiologicalresourcesprotectioninthesourceregionsthroughscientificandpowerfulpolicymeasures. |
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