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SCI论文目录 |
农业资源评价管理与利用 |
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出 版 社:气象出版社 |
发表时间:1998年5月 |
台 站:
栾城农业生态系统试验站
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作 者:由懋正 |
点 击 率:21153 |
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关 键 字:农业资源,评价,可持续发展,农业生态系统管理 |
摘 要: 中国科学院石家庄农业现代化研究所建立于1978年,在中国科学院和河北省政府的领导下,全所职工经过20年的努力,已初步建成具有一定规模和知识积累的国立现代农业研究机构,有了一支学科齐全的从事农业综合研究和高技术应用研究的科技队伍,具备了承担国家重大科技任务的能力。
建所初期,为探索农业现代化的路子,该研究所在栾城基地县开展了自然资源综合考察,因地制宜地制定了农业发展规划,建立了县级农业科技推广体系,并向全国推广,为国家农业科学进步和地方经济的发展起到了很好的推动作用。随着科技体制改革的不断深入,研究所及时调整研究方向和任务,针对华北地区农业资源环境特点,沿着北纬38度线,在四个不同类型区(山区、山前平原、低平原,海岸带)先后建立了四个研究条件较好的野外农业资源、环境与生态系统试验站,在区域农业发展、生态脆弱带植被恢复,盐碱地综合治理、生物技术、设施农业技术、农村能源技术等研究领域以及食品加工、肥料缓释,水产饲料等专项技术开发上先后取得了107项科研成果,其中获国家科技进步奖6项,获院、省科技进步奖50项,取得专利34项,累计发表学术论文512篇,专著42部,为我国农业科学和农业现代化建设做出了积极贡献.同时,与日本、美国、澳大利亚、俄罗期、意大利、印度等国家开展了广泛
的合作研究。为了纪念研究所建所20周年,特将两个主要方面的科技积累编写成专著――《农业资源评价管理与利用》和《生态工程》。它们的出版是对建所20周年该领域研究工作的总结。
为了落实十五大精神,研究所正按照建设知识创新体系的要求,进行研究所的结构性调整。研究所将以可持续发展的现代农业和北方区域农业发展为对象,集中开展以水为中心的农业资源管理、以生态农业为主的农业生态工程的研究,发展信息农业;以节水农业技术为桂心,北纬38度带农业综合开发为重点,推进农业研究成果的转化,当好中国科学院农业科技成果的集成中试基地和显示窗口,以崭新的面貌跨人21世纪。
农业自然资源是人们进行农业生产的物质基础和必要条件。当今社会,随
着人9的增长和经济的发展,人们对农业自然资源的需求规模和利用程度日益
扩大和深化,同时资源的负荷也随之大大加重,有的地方已出现资源“超载”的
现象.因此,农业资源的高效和可持续利用成为各国政府和学术界关注的重要
问题。
华北地区是我国重要的农业区,这里农业自然资源丰富,匹配良好,农业
开发历史悠久,生产潜力很大.解放后,许多单位对读区的农业自然资源进行过
研究,特别是改革开放以来,这项研究更加广泛和深入。70年代末,中国科学
院率先开展县城农业自然资源综合考察与农业区划工作时,选择了农业现代化
基地县栾城县为试点,随后在全国范围内开展了规模宏大的农业自然资源考察
和评价研究,为摸清资源基本情况打下了良好的基础。
80年代,中国科学院石家庄农业现代化研究所将自己的研究区域确定为
华北地区,结合承担国家攻关任务、中科院重大项目以及地方科研任务,西起
太行山,东至渤海湾,沿38’N带先后建立了太行山山地生态站(代表低山丘陵
类型)、栾城农业生态站(代表华北山前平原类型)、南皮农业生态站(代表华北
低平原缺水盐渍化类型)及海岸带综合开发试验站(海兴),进行不同生态类型
区的资源评价利用、生态建设、区域治理、农业可持续发展以及主要生态环境要
素的长期定位观测研究等,栾城站还是中国科学院生态系统研究网络(CERN)
的基本站.十多年来,在完成科研任务的过程中,这些生态站积累了大量试验
观测资料,在农业自然资源评价、管理与利用研究方面取得很多成果.值此中国
科学院石家庄农业现代化研究所建所20周年之际,我们编辑出版本书,以反
映我所研究工作的一个侧面.
本书共分五章。第一章为总论,讨论农业资源评价、管理与利用的理论与方
法以及华北平原两个类型区的农业生产潜力。
第二章为太行山低山丘陵区农业资源开发利用,在评价气候特征和水土资
源的基础上,介绍山地生态站针对低山丘陵区的资源环境条件进行经济植物和
经济动物引种、试验的成功经验,最后论述了低山丘陵区综合治理与开发的方
向、模式。
第三章为太行山山前平原农业资源开发利用,该类型区自然条件优越,农
业发达,是华北农业精华之所在。70年代中后期以来,成为我国北方的粮食高
产区.本章以栾城站多年试验研究工作为基础,深入讨论了气候、水、土和生物
(秸秆、牧草等)资源的高效利用以及农业资源优化配置模式,为山前平原高产
区节约资源和农业可持续步展提供依据。
第四章以黑龙港地区为重点讨论华北低平原农业资源开发利用问题。缺水
和土壤盐渍化是障碍本区农业发展的主要因素.本章以这两大问题为中心,讨
论了盐渍化土壤改良、浅层地下水开发、牧草资源利用、枣粮间作种植、耐盐作
物品种筛选以及农业可持续发展问题。
第五章简要讨论了河北省海岸带农业资源开发利用的一些问题.
本书广泛收集和利用了我所几个生态站多年积累的资料,同时也注意引用
前人的工作成就.由于参加本书编写的人员很多,而他们的专业出身、科研经历
以及知识结构不尽相同,统稿人水平也有限,书中难免出现这样或那样的缺点
甚至错误,恳请同行专家和读者批评指正。
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关 键 字(英文):agricultural resource, estimation, sustainable development, agro-ecosystem management |
摘 要(英文): Agricultural natural resources are the material base and essential condition for agricultural production. With growth of population and development of economy, requirement and utilization intensity of resources is being expanded and deepened, meanwhile, resources bearing is being aggravated. The trend of over-bearing of resources appeared in many areas. So high efficient and sustainable utilization of agricultural resources has become an important issue in all governments and academic circles.
North China is an important area for agricultural production in our country. This area, rich in natural resources and good at resources combination, has a long history of cultivation and great production potential. After liberation, research on agricultural natural resources has been developed by many institutes in this area, and extended and deepened since Chinats reforming and opening to the outside world. During the late 70Is, when Chinese Academy of Sciences was the first to develop comprehensive survey of agricultural natural resources and division of agricultural regions in county scale, Luaneheng County was selected as an experimental site for the experiment of agricultural modernization. Later, comprehensive survey and evaluation of agricultural natural resources was carried out all over the country. This work laid a good
foundation for the investigation resources.
In 801s, Shijiazhuang Institute of Agricultural Modernization, CAS,
which concentrates its study on North China, established Taihang Mountain
Ecological Experimental Station,Luancheng Ecosystem Experimental Station,
Nanpi Agroecological Experimental Station and Haixing Comprehensive Devel-
opmental Experimental Station along 38~N latitude belt from west to east,that is to say,from Taihang Mountain to Bohai Bay combining with the key projects from national, academic and provincial departments and developed the research on evaluation and utilization of resources, ecological construction, regional improvement and management, agricultural sustainable development and long term observation of main ecological and environmental elements. Luancheng Ecosystem Experimental Station also become one station inside Chinese Ecosystems Research Net, CAS. These stations have collected a huge amount of experimental and observation data during finishing the research projects for over 10 years. Many research achievements on evaluation, management and utilization of agricultural natural resources were obtained. On the occasion of 20th anniversary of Shijiazhuang Institute of Agricultural Modernization, CAS, we publish this book to reflect some aspects of our research work.
There are 5 chapters in this book. Chapter 1 is general introduction. It discussed the theories and methods of evaluation, management and utilization of agricultural resources, and agricultural production potential of two typical regions in North China.
Chapter 2 is exploitation and utilization of agricultural resources in hilly area of Taihang Mountain. Based on evaluation of climatic features and resources of water and land, the successful experience for the introduction and adaptability experiments of economic animals and plants species was discussed in light of resources and environmental condition, the ways and models were suggested for comprehensively improving and managing hilly area.
Chapter 3 is exploitation and utilization of agricultural resources in Taihang Mountain Piedmont Plain. This area, with favorable natural conditions and developed agriculture, is the best part for agriculture in North China. Since late 1970~s, it has been a high-yield region in North China. In this chapter, high efficient utilization of climate, water, soil and biological resources and models for optimal arrangement of agricultural resources were discussed on the results of many year~s experimental work in Launching Station. These provide scientific basis for resources saving and agricultura] sustainable development in the high yield region of Taihang Mountain Piedmont Plain.
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