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核心期刊论文目录 |
不同水分管理和施钾条件下稻草还田效应研究 |
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| 出 版 社：中科院硕士学位论文 |
| 发表时间：2006.07 |
| 台 站：
桃源农业生态试验站
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| 作 者：彭英湘 |
| 点 击 率：9056 |
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| 关 键 字：稻草还田,淹水灌溉,间歇灌溉,钾肥,土壤速效养分,养分吸收量,稻谷产量 |
| 摘 要：通过两个田间定位试验，研究不同水分管理及钾肥施用条件下稻草还田对土壤养分、植株营养及水稻生产力的影响，探讨了稻草还田后适宜的水分管理和钾肥施用措施，主要结果如下：
（1）不管是在淹水灌溉还是间歇灌溉下，稻草还田后土壤NH4+-N浓度升高，土壤供氮能力增强；在整个生育期内土壤速效钾浓度显著增加，并有利于土壤速效钾的累积；但未观察到稻草还田对土壤Olsen-P的显著影响；并且稻草还田后两种水分管理之间速效养分无显著差异。
两种水分管理下稻草还田均增加了水稻中后期的养分N、P、K吸收量和生物量，配施氮肥后水稻的养分吸收量和生物量进一步增加。晚稻中后期间歇灌溉下稻草还田处理的养分吸收量及生物量显著大于淹水灌溉，且成熟期谷粒中的养分累积量也高。
稻草还田后采用间歇灌溉并配施氮肥的方式有显著的增产效应，其主要生理机制为养分吸收量多，且其养分转运率及养分利用率均高。
（2）从生育期内土壤速效钾、茎叶钾含量与生物量方面来分析，稻草钾与施入的中量化学肥钾的效果相当，即新鲜稻草还田一季可提供钾素65 kg•hm-2，其肥效与等量化学钾肥的肥效一样。从产量的角度来衡量稻草钾对化学钾的替代作用问题，还有待于今后试验的继续验证。
（3）稻草还田后，为保证不减产并获得较高的产量，以采取间歇灌溉并配施氮肥的方式为宜。
因稻草所提供的钾具有与化学钾肥相同的作用，故稻草还田后，可相应减少等量化学钾肥的施用，既可节约钾肥资源，又可充分利用秸秆资源。
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| 关 键 字(英文)：straw incorporation, continuous flooding, intermittent irrigation, K fertilizer, soil available nutrients, plant nutrients uptake, grain yield |
| 摘 要(英文)：Two site-specific field experiments were conducted to discuss the effects of straw incorporation under different irrigation regimes and K fertilizer rates on soil fertility, plant nutrients uptake and rice productivity, and suitable water and K fertilizer management were obtained. The main results were as follows:
(1) Straw incorporation increased soil NH4+-N concentration, improved soil N supply ability, significantly increased soil available K in the whole growth period, and was beneficial to accumulate soil available K under continuous flooding or intermittent irrigation, but affected little on soil Olsen-P. There was no significant difference on soil available N, P and K between two water management after straw incorporation.
Straw incorporation increased plant N, P and K uptake and above-ground biomass in the middle and late of rice growth, and more nutrients uptake and biomass were increased with N fertilizer supply. The nutrients uptake and biomass of the treatment with straw incorporation under intermittent irrigation were more than that of under continuous flooding after the middle of later rice growth, and so was the nutrients uptake of grain.
Straw incorporation significantly increased the grain yield under the combined use of intermittent irrigation and N fertilizer because of more nutrients uptake, higher nutrients transporting rate and nutrients use effiency.
(2) From the view of soil available K, K content of stem and leaf and above-ground biomass in the growth of rice, K released by incorporated straw had the same effects as medium-quantity K fertilizer, that is, incorporated fresh straw could supply 65 kg K•hm-2 in the coming season. How much K fertilizer substituted by incorporated straw from the view of grain yield should be tested in the future years.
(3) Intermittent irrigation and N fertilizer should be adopted after straw incorporation to assure higher grain yield.
Because K released by incorporated straw had the same effects as K fertilizer, the quantity of K fertilizer equal to that supplied by straw could be saved after straw incorporation.
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